What are Switches and Outlets? Understanding The Basics
Switches and outlets are essential components of any electrical system. They allow us to control the flow of electricity and provide power to our devices. However, many people are not familiar with the different types of switches and outlets, how they work, and common problems that can occur.
In this article, we will break down the basics of switches and outlets to help you better understand these important electrical components.
Electricity Journey
Before discussing about switches and outlets, it is better if we understand how electricity moves from its source to finally being able to turn on appliances.
Electricity enters your home from the grid through the meter box. It rushes into the electrical panel, where thick "line wires" (usually black) carry the full current to various circuits. From the panel, line wires run through walls and ceilings, branching out to "load wires" (also black) at switches and outlets.
Switches
What is an Electrical Switch
An electrical switch is a device that controls the flow of electricity in a circuit. It enables you to turn appliances on and off. It acts like a gatekeeper, deciding whether electricity can pass through or not.
How Does It Work?
Inside an electrical switch, there are two metal contacts that are normally kept apart. When the switch is turned on, these contacts come together, completing the circuit and allowing electricity to flow. When the switch is turned off, the contacts separate, breaking the circuit and stopping the flow of electricity.
Types of Electrical Switches
Many different types of electrical switches, each with its own specific function and application. Here are some of the most common:
Single-pole, single-throw (SPST)
It's also often called a 1-way switch. This is the most basic type of switch. It has one pole and one throw, meaning it can control only one circuit and can either turn it on or off.
Example: Light switch in a room. Check this page to learn how to wire a one way switch.
Single-pole, double-throw (SPDT)
Its also often called a 2-way switch. This single pole switch has one pole and two throws. It controls one circuit and either connect it to two different outputs, or reverse the polarity of the same output.
Example: A toggle switch on a guitar to switch between pickups. Learn more about how to wire a two way switch here.
Double-pole, single-throw (DPST)
This double pole switch has two poles and one throw. It can control two separate circuits simultaneously, turning them both on or off at the same time. Example: A switch that controls both fans in a ceiling fan or both the hot wires in an appliance.
Double-pole, double-throw (DPDT)
This is the most versatile type of switch. It has two poles and two throws, allowing it to control two separate circuits and either connect them to two different outputs each, or reverse the polarity of both outputs.
3-Way Switch
This works in pairs to control a single light from two different locations. Each switch changes the direction of the circuit flow, deciding whether the light stays on or turns off, depending on the previous state. This allows you to have light switches at both ends of a hallway, in opposite corners of a room, etc., and control the single light from either location. Click here to deep dive on how to wire a three way switch.
Several different actuation mechanisms for electrical switches, essentially how you interact with them to control the flow of electricity. Here's a breakdown:
Toggle switch: This switch has a lever that flips up and down to control the circuit. A common type of switch found in homes and businesses.
Rocker switch: Similar to a toggle switch, but with a wider, flatter lever that rocks back and forth. This is another common type of switch found in homes and businesses.
Push button switch: This switch is activated by pressing a button. Often used in momentary applications, like doorbell buttons or start buttons.
Dimmer switch: Unlike a regular switch that simply turns lights on or off, a dimmer gradually changes the voltage supplied to the light bulb. This affects the bulb's intensity, allowing you to dim the light or brighten it as desired.
Common Issues with Electrical Switches
Electrical switches often face several foes: flickering lights, burning smells, and wonky toggles. These often point to loose connections, worn-out mechanisms, or overloaded circuits. The fix? Unless you're a qualified electrician, leave the switch replacement to the pros. Messing with electricity can be dangerous, and they'll have the tools and expertise to diagnose the issue and install the right new switch.
Outlets
What is an Electrical Outlets
An electrical outlet is a fixed electrical connector mounted on a wall, floor, or another surface. It consists of two or three metal contacts (depending on the type) that accept the corresponding prongs of an electrical plug. When the plug is inserted into the outlet, the circuit is completed, allowing electricity to flow to the device.
How Does It Work?
Here's a simplified breakdown of how an electrical outlet works:
Connection: The metal contacts in the outlet are connected to the electrical wiring in your home. This wiring is usually part of a specific circuit, designed to handle a particular amount of power.
Plug Insertion: When you insert a plug into the outlet, the prongs on the plug come into contact with the corresponding metal contacts in the outlet.
Circuit Completion: If the plug is correctly inserted and the circuit is switched on, the metal contacts in the outlet and plug touch, completing the circuit. This allows electricity to flow from the wiring through the plug and into the device.
Power Delivery: The electricity then powers the device, allowing it to function.
In some cases, you can wire a switch to an outlet for a convenient reason. It enables those with limited mobility to control lights or appliances with a switch positioned within easy reach. Especially if the appliance is in an outdoor area, you can just turn it on from inside of your house.
Types of Electrical Outlets
Many different types of electrical outlets around the world, each with its own specific design and purpose. Here are some of the most common types you might encounter:
Standard AC outlets: These are the most common type in homes and businesses, typically providing 120 volts and 240/250 volts. They have two flat prongs or three prongs (one round and two flats).
GFCI outlets: Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter outlets are designed to protect people from electrical shock, especially in areas with moisture like kitchens and bathrooms. They have a built-in safety mechanism that detects imbalances in the current and shuts off the power quickly in case of a fault. Once it turns off, you can reset the outlet to get power back.
AFCI outlets: Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter outlets offer another layer of protection by detecting and interrupting dangerous electrical arcing that can occur in wiring and connections, potentially preventing fires.
USB outlets: These outlets feature built-in USB ports, allowing you to charge devices directly without needing a bulky adapter.
Outdoor outlets: These outlets are designed for use in outdoor locations, featuring weatherproof construction and often tamper-resistant outlets features.
Common Issues with Electrical Outlets
GFCI button not working: Faulty wiring or moisture could be the culprit. Check this article to learn more.
GFCI Outlet keeps tripping: Try unplug and reset. If it trips again, check this article to deep dive about the cause.
Outlet not working: If the breaker is not tripped, there are many causes, such as loose connections, damaged cords, or faulty appliances.
Outdated system: Older homes usually use 2 branch outlets which are hard to find nowadays. You need to consider upgrading to a 3-prong outlet or even a quad outlet if you use a lot of electrical devices.
Outdoor Outlet Dead: Weather damage, moisture, or overloaded circuits could be the cause.
Burning Smell: You should turn off the power immediately. This could be overloaded circuits, loose connections, or a damaged outlet.
Warm Outlets: Unplug some devices and see if it cools down. Overloaded circuits or worn outlets are likely culprits.
Sum Up
Understanding switches and outlets empowers us to safely control power in our homes. By recognizing common types, functions, and issues, we can make informed decisions about when to tackle troubleshooting ourselves and when to call an electrician. Remember, safety comes first, and electrical expertise is invaluable for keeping our devices humming and sparks at bay.
Electrician Denver is Ready to Assist
If you find it overwhelming to figure out which outlets or switches, the trouble you are facing, look no further than Electrician Denver. Our team of experts are ready to help you with all your needs. We’d be happy to answer any questions and offer you the best service possible. If you are in Denver, Colorado Springs, and surrounding areas, just one call away and your problem will be solved!
