Exploring the World of Circuit Breakers: 5 Types Explained
One crucial part of the electrical panel or breaker box is the circuit breaker. They guard against short circuits and electrical overloads in buildings. However, it can be confusing to know which circuit breakers are best for your needs with the choices available.
In this guide, we’ll explore the world of circuit breakers and provide an overview of the different types available. Whether you’re a homeowner, electrician, or just curious about circuit breakers, this guide will provide valuable information to help you make informed decisions.
What is a Circuit Breaker?
A circuit breaker is an electrical switch located in the electrical panel or sub-panel. The main function of circuit breakers is to prevent electrical circuits from overcurrent. Apart from potentially damaging to the appliance, this excessive current poses a risk to the home's safety.
How Does Circuit Breaker Work?
Each circuit breaker or branch circuit has an on-off switch for centralized control. Under normal conditions, it allows current to flow through the circuit without any interruption. Nevertheless, the circuit will automatically trip if the current flowing exceeds its safe capacity.
Types of Circuit Breakers
Several different types of circuit breakers are available in the market, each with its own unique features and applications. Let’s take a closer look at the most common types of circuit breakers.
1. Single-pole Circuit Breakers
The most common type of breaker in a home, typically used for individual circuits like lights, outlets, and appliances.
They have one handle that controls the flow of electricity to a single wire.
Handle currents between 15 and 20 amperes (amps).
2. Double-Pole Circuit Breakers
Control two wires simultaneously, often used for appliances that require 240 volts. Dryers, air conditioners, and ovens are a few appliances that use this circuit.
To shut off power to both wires, you must trip both handles simultaneously.
Available in 120V and 240V, handle currents up to 60 amps
3. Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs)
These specialized breakers are designed to protect against electrical shock, especially in areas with moisture, like kitchens and bathrooms.
They continuously monitor the current flow between the hot and neutral wires and the grounding wire.
If any leakage of current is detected, even a small amount, the GFCI will trip instantly. This will cut off power within milliseconds to prevent serious injury.
4. Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters (AFCIs)
These breakers offer additional protection against electrical fires caused by arcing faults. This occurs because of damaged wiring, loose connections, or overloaded circuits.
AFCIs work alongside regular breakers, but they protect against different threats. Regular breakers handle overloads and short circuits, while AFCIs prevent fires caused by hidden arcing faults in the wiring. Once arc detected, AFCIs trip quickly to prevent the fault from escalating into a fire.
Typically used in bedrooms, living rooms, and other areas where electrical cords and appliances are present.
5. Dual Function Circuit Breakers or Combination AFCI/GFCI Breakers
These breakers combine the functionality of both AFCIs and GFCIs in a single unit. Offering the most comprehensive protection against electrical hazards.
In areas presenting significant electrical hazards, they are a staple choice for both new construction and renovation work
Single-pole breaker and double-pole breaker are like the classic players in your home's electrical team, handling most circuits. But nowadays, GFCIs and AFCIs are like the new stars. Those provide extra safety against shocks and fires in places like bathrooms and kitchens.
Both GFCIs and AFCIs are mandatory in specific locations according to the National Electrical Code (NEC), with the exact requirements varying depending on the NEC code version adopted in a particular jurisdiction.
Choosing the Right Circuit Breaker
Choosing an appropriate circuit breaker is very important to avoid circuit overload which can actually endanger the house. The following are some tips for choosing a circuit breaker:
Amperage
The amperage of a circuit breaker refers to the amount of current it can handle before tripping. Important to choose a circuit breaker with the appropriate amperage for the circuit it will be protecting. Using a circuit breaker with too low of an amperage can cause it to trip frequently. Meanwhile, using one with too high of an amperage can lead to damage or fires.
To calculate how much electrical power a circuit can carry, we need to understand the basic equation.
Watts: Measures electrical power (how many electrons pushed). The formula is Watts = Amps x Volts
Volts: Measures electrical pressure (how hard electrons are pushed). The formula is Volts = Watts / Amps
Amps: Measures the number of electrons flowing through a point in one second. The formula is Amps = Watts / Volts
For example, if you have a 20 amps single-pole circuit, it means the circuit can carry up to 2400 watts of electricity ( 20 amps x 120 volts = 2400 watts). Another example, a 15 amp circuit can handle up to 1800 watts of electricity.
Trip Curve
The trip curve of a circuit breaker refers to how quickly it will trip when an overload occurs. There are three main types of trip curves: B, C, and D. B curve circuit breakers are designed for residential applications. Meanwhile, in commercial and industrial settings, we typically use C and D curve circuit breakers.
Application
Different types of circuit breakers are designed for different applications. For example, GFCIs are best suited for areas where water is present, while AFCIs are ideal for bedrooms and living rooms. Consider the specific needs of your electrical system when choosing a circuit breaker. To make sure its safety, you can ask professionals like Electrician Denver for your circuit needs.
In Conclusion
Circuit breakers are an essential component of any electrical system, providing protection against overloads, short circuits, and electrical fires. By understanding the different types of circuit breakers available and their unique features, you can make informed decisions when choosing the right one for your needs.
Whether you’re a homeowner, electrician, or just curious about circuit breakers, this guide has provided valuable information to help you navigate the world of circuit breakers. With the right knowledge, you can ensure the safety and efficiency of your electrical system.
